Learning Theories
Learning theories are attempts at describing how we learn. With a learning theory as a foundation, instruction can be structured around making learning most effective. There are several commonly excepted learning theories
Behaviorist Models
Brhaviorist theories are not concerned with the cognitive process but with changes in observable behavior (see behaviorism).
- Behaviorist learning theory
Cognitivist Models
Cognitivist models attempt to make it easier for learning to take place based on what we know about how a learner to process information (see cognitivism).
- Advanced Organizers (David Ausubel)
- Cone of Experience (Edgar Dale)
- Information Processing
- Dual Coding Theory (Allan Paivio)
- Concept Mapping (Joseph Novak)
- Component Display Theory (Dave Merrill)
- Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth, Merrill, Wilson and Spiller)
- Scripts (Roger Schank)
- Structural Learning (Scandura)
Constructivist Models
Constructivist Models attempt to describe how learners learn and thereby how to create effective instruction (see constructivism).
- Action Research (Participatory Design Models)
- Activity Theory (artifact-mediated and object-oriented action)
- Anchored Instruction (John Bransford)
- Andrgogy (Malcom Knowles)
- Cognitive Apprenticeship (Collins, Brown and Newman)
- Cognitive Flexibility Theory (Rand Spiro)
- Generative Learning (Merlin C. Wittrock)
- Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)
- CSILE Computer Supported Intentional Learning Environments (Scardamalia and Bereiter)
- Conversation Theory (Gordon Pask)
- Discovery Learning (Jerome Bruner)
- Inquiry Teaching (Collins and Stevens)
- Interpretation Construction (ICON) Design Model (Black and McClintock)
- Mind Tools (David Jonassen)
- Minimalist Model (John Carroll)
- Montessori Education (Maria Montessori)
- Problem-Based Learning
- The Project Method (Kilpatrick and Dewey)
- Play (AKA Serious Play)
- Role Play (Ip, Linser, Janinski)
- Goal Based Scenarios (Roger Schank)
- Schema Theory
- Situated Cognition
- Social Learning Theory / Social Cognitivism Theory (Albert Bandura)
- Structural Knowledge (David Jonassen)
- Zone of Proximal Develoment
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